(2) History of science and technology : production tools and living utensils used by ancient people have been unearthed from land archaeological sites, which were once brought to ships for use or exported to other countries. They reflect human activity at different times in history and primarily contain the following historical information: (1) Material and cultural exchange : various countries globally have realized material exchange and cultural integration in different regions through waterborne trade, thus creating various handicrafts and cultural forms. Underwater cultural heritage is a significant wealth of all countries of the world and all humanity, and the witness of the people to understand, think about and learn from history. They bear witness to human activity at various stages of history, including material exchanges, peaceful exchanges and intercultural dialogues between remote regions, brutal wars and shipwrecks. But there are still many secrets to explore in the vast ocean. Over the past few centuries, land-based archaeological sites have gained a wealth of important information about past civilizations.

Their remains still lie on the seafloor and may be protected safely. Since antiquity, many ancient ships and coastal relics have sailed/sunk into the ocean. It paved the way for material and cultural contacts, facilitated intercultural conversation and mutual impact, and fostered the cultural fusion of ancient civilizations.

This paper focuses on introducing and developing prospects to different preservation techniques for fragile artifacts from underwater sites.Īncient peoples explored, adapted, and prospered the ocean, which carries great cultural significance. Researchers have developed new materials and technologies to tackle this problem.

Due to the complexity of the underwater environment and the vulnerability of fragile artifacts, safety in extraction and transfer still faces enormous challenges. Extraction and transfer of fragile cultural relics are vital parts of this strategy.

In order to prevent serious damage, it is a safe protective strategy to preserve them in a controlled environment for a long time after excavation. However, the materials, preservation status, and preservation environment of underwater artifacts are diverse, resulting in many fragile artifacts facing difficult situations. There are still many difficulties in the recovery and long-term preservation of underwater archaeological artifacts, in situ preservation should be the first choice before further procedures are considered.

How to extract world of warships ships